The thesis presented by the researcher (Yusra Tariq Yassin Al-Rudaini) included a comprehensive survey of the species of the family in the southern part of the Southern Desert Province (DSD) and the Basra Basra Province (LBA), which was carried out through field visits to all regions in the province to collect plant samples, resulting in the registration of 13 species, including the type H. curassavicum. Which was recorded for the first time in Iraq in this study. The taxonomic study included a detailed study of the species phenotypically, as a comparison was made of all the phenotypic characteristics of the plant parts, which included roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, in addition to studying pollen grains and the epidermis of vegetative leaves using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Cross-sections of the leaves, petioles, and stems were also studied anatomically. The environment and geographical distribution of the species were studied in detail, and maps were drawn up for this purpose. The study also included a genetic study of the species, as its diagnosis was confirmed by amplifying the rbcL gene and comparing it to the genetic sequences of its counterparts found in the GenBank database, as the match rate for all samples ranged from 99-100%.
