Dr. Ali Adnan Muhammad Ali, a lecturer at the University of Basra, College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, in cooperation with the lecturer at the University of Thi Qar, Dr. Rahman Sabbar Karim, and the researcher from the United States of America, Latif Asi, and the researcher Kelly Carter and the researcher Paul Zell from the University of South Carolina, published in the international journal Journal of Building Engineering issued by the international publishing house Al-Safir and with
CiteScore = 10 Impact Factor = 6.7 It is within the first quarter Q1 of the Scopus container and is also classified within the Web of Science Titled Mechanical Properties and Durability of Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete .
Several studies have shown that sustainable concrete mixtures could be a solution to reduce the CO2 emissions of concrete while utilizing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) that are waste byproducts, including fly ash, metakaolin, and ground granulated blast furnace slag. How- ever, for these sustainable concrete mixtures to be adopted as a replacement for conventional or- dinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC), site engineers, decision-makers, and authorities need to be aware of the mechanical and durability properties of these sustainable concrete mixtures. A brief review of the mechanical and durability properties of both geopolymer concrete and alkali- activated cement demonstrates the objective performance relative to OPCC. Then, the results of a survey targeting researchers, site civil engineers, decision-makers, and employees in governmen- tal agencies are presented. The results indicate that even though the mechanical and durability properties of geopolymer/sustainable concrete are recognized, limited awareness and availability present significant challenges to the adoption of sustainability concrete in infrastructure projects. The survey highlights the need for focused marketing efforts to educate decision-makers on the availability as well as mechanical and durability properties of geopolymer concrete. Additionally, it serves as a call for future research to overcome obstacles such as high initial cost, safety con- cerns, and limited practical applications.
The annual global production of ordinary Portland cement has reached 4100 million metric tons, making it the second most used material after water [1]. Due to the global population increase and concrete building demolition and construction, the production volume of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is likely to continue increasing [2,3]. Several studies have reported that ordinary Portland cement manufacturing is considered one of the most significant contributors to our global carbon footprint, with emissions from OPC representing between 7 and 10% of total CO2 emissions [4]. Hence, finding a way, through chemical or structural modifications, to reduce ordinary Portland cement production is an urgent matter [5]. Extant research has shown that geopolymer concrete is a more.
