The College of Education for Humanities at the University of Basra organized a scientific workshop entitled "Narrative Refractiveness in the Arab Heritage," with the participation of a number of academics and researchers. The workshop aimed to shed light on the phenomenon of narrative refraction, the mechanisms of its transmission, and the role of guiding factors in establishing knowledge. The workshop, presented by Dr. Ahmed Qasim Al-Shaheeb, addressed the procedural transition and its analysis of the formation of cognitive awareness in the Arab heritage, particularly during the transition from oral to written communication. It also examined how guiding factors influenced the shift in heritage texts. The workshop explained that this transformation contributed to the reproduction of a new form of knowledge, reflected in the formation of a new understanding of the ancient Arab heritage
