A doctoral thesis at the College of Agriculture at the University of Basrah (The effect of treatment with plant nanofertilizers and potassium humate on the physical, chemical, productive, physiological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves and fruits of a cultivar of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L.) and included the researcher (Jassim Muhammad Damad) this study was conducted in one of the orchards In Basra governorate, date palm trees of the 6-year-old Al-Khalas and Al-Saq’i cultivars were multiplied by the method of tissue propagation for the two seasons (2020-2021). The experiment included three factors, the first variety (Al-Khalas and Al-Saq’i), the second, the use of three concentrations of super fertile agricultural fertilizer at concentrations (1.5,1,0) ml.l-1. As for the third factor, the use of potassium humate at concentrations (0, 3, 4) g.l-1. Treatments were added with irrigation water over three periods, the first before pollination on 2/15/15 and the second period a month after the first date 3/15/and the third period on 4/15 with a 10 liter palm tree. Leaf and fruit samples were taken at the Khalal stage. The results of the study showed: The cultivar Khalas significantly outperformed the cultivar Sagai and recorded the highest values for all the studied traits except for the leaves content of the amino acid proline. The cultivar recorded the lowest value of proline in the two seasons for the amount of proline amounted to (22.28, 22.0) µg.g-1, respectively, as well as the enzyme peroxidase. As for the effect of the super fertile plant nano-fertilizer, the treatment with the concentration (1.5 ml.l-1) was significantly superior to the remaining concentrations, and the highest value for the two seasons was recorded for the content of leaves from total chlorophyll, carbohydrates, mineral elements, percentage of fruit set and maturity, as well as the weight and size of fruits and the content of fruits from dry matter Total soluble solids, sugars, and an increase in the enzymatic activity of the invertase enzyme and a significant increase in the anatomical characteristics. The thesis aims to show the effect of the treatment with some nano-agricultural fertilizers and potassium humate on the productive, physiological and anatomical characteristics of date palm fruits of Sagai and Khalas cultivars, as the two varieties are considered among the imported varieties to the country. In view of the importance of the two types of study, which are of the varieties coming to the country, and the lack of anatomical studies in previous research, the research aimed to conduct an anatomical study of the anatomical sections of the fruits of the two types of salvation and saqai in the stage of physiological maturity and to determine the anatomical characteristics that can contribute to the classification and diagnosis of those varieties. The thesis concluded that the addition of nutritional enhancers, whether it was the super fertile nano-fertilizer and the organic plant fertilizer potassium humate, had a clear effect on the qualitative, chemical, production and enzymatic properties of peroxidase enzyme in the fruits of the study palm, especially at the concentrations 1.5 ml.l-1 for super and 4g.l-1 for humate. . The thesis recommended studying the effect of the super-fifty nano plant fertilizer and the organic plant fertilizer potassium humate on the protein pattern of the two types of study and paying attention to these and other types coming to the country and increasing their cultivation, especially the tissue-propagated varieties.
