A doctoral thesis was researched in the Department of Geography... / College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Basra, on (the spatial and temporal relationship between the change in ozone gas concentration and the change in pressure systems over Iraq) submitted by the student (Hakim Ghazi Shenyar Yousef)
The thesis submitted by the student Hakim Ghazi Shenyar Yousef aims (to address the relationship between ozone gas and pressure systems and to show this relationship, as ozone is one of the most important global issues that emerged remarkably in the early twentieth century, especially after the discovery of a difference in ozone thickness for the first time in (1984) over the South Pole. As a result, ozone became a global issue and due to the importance of ozone gas and the role of pressure systems in the distribution and spread of this gas and the difference in its concentration over Iraq in time and space.
The thesis aims to... (The study aims to know the duration of the pressure systems (highs and lows) over Iraq and whether they have a relationship to the change in ozone gas concentration over Iraq? And the amount of temporal and spatial change and analyzing the general trend for them During the period (1983-2022) for ozone gas. Then the study period was divided into three cycles (1983-1993) and (2011-2022) and the atmospheric highs into (Siberian high, European high, subtropical high) and atmospheric depressions (Indian low, Sudanese low, merged low, Mediterranean low) and studied during two climate cycles, the first cycle (1983-1994) and the second cycle (2011-2022) for seven climate stations (Mosul, Kirkuk, Baghdad, Rutba, Karbala, Samawah, Basra). The thesis concluded (the existence of a variation in the monthly and annual ozone values recorded at the studied stations during the period (1983-2022), as an increase in ozone values appears during the winter and spring seasons and a decrease in those values during the summer and fall seasons. Also, the stations in the northern region recorded the highest value of ozone concentration, followed by the central and southern regions, respectively. The trend of decreasing change in the rate of ozone values gradually from the stations in the northern region, followed by the central region, then the southern region for the period (1983-2022). The average of the stations reached (Mosul 2.43 / Kirkuk 2.14 / Baghdad 1.84 / Rutba 1.94 / Karbala 1.79 / Samawah 1.48 / Basra 1.45) respectively. The existence of a direct relationship between ozone gas and air highs over Iraq, with a variation in that relationship between the stations in the study area according to the duration of the high air high and its direction of entry into Iraq. It also showed an inverse relationship between ozone gas and air lows over Iraq, with the presence of This relationship varied between the stations in the study area according to the duration of the low pressure system and its direction of entry into Iraq
