A master, s thesis at the faculty of sciences at the University of Basrah (Detection of fungal sinusitis and tonsillitis in Basra province) and showed the research, s thesis Raghda Hazim Daham. Thesis aims to isolation and identification of the fungal isolate from sinusitis and tonsillitis patients, screening virulence factors phenotypically, determination of antifungal susceptibility of the isolates to antifungal drugs. and included. The study included highlighting the hidden role of pathogenic fungi, showing that there were three species belonging to Aspergillus spp., which were isolated and identified in Iraq clinical cases sinusitis and tonsillitis. These included A. allahabadii, A. sydowii, A. tubingensis, which were recorded for the first time genetically in Iraq and deposited in the NCBI gene bank. The study also recorded for the first time in Iraq the isolation of Naganashia diffluens from tonsillitis cases and deposited it in the NCBI database. As for Candida spp., the study showed that the predominant species was Candida, with the majority being Candida albicans. Regarding the production of enzymes, the yeast isolates showed higher production of lipase enzyme, while the filamentous fungi produced more protease and phospholipase, with the highest share belonging to the filamentous fungi. The production of biofilm was moderate and strong are equaled in yeast isolates, and high percentage for weak, indicating the importance of biofilm formation in pathogenicity. The study demonstrated that the isolates had varying sensitivity to antifungal drugs. Filamentous fungi showed highest sensitivity was observed towards Itraconazole and Caspofungin, whereas treatment with Fluconazole showed resistance in a number of the tested isolates 60%, and in yeast showed sensitive for all tested antifungal. The study was recommended (recommend give antifungal after ineffective antibiotic, s treatment and before take decision to remove surgically, study filamentous fungi and yeast as causative agents in some infections which is primarily caused by bacteria, supported culture media by added some nutrition when yeast isolated from unusual pathogenic specimens, conducting a genetic study and evaluating the responsible genes for enzymes and biofilm produce for the studied isolates, study the effect of some antifungal on the growth of pathogenic fungi in vitro, finally study the role of some natural compounds extracted from plants on pathogenic fungi isolated).
