Master's thesis at the University of Basra examines vital signs of osteoporosis in smokers
A master's thesis at the College of Pharmacy at the University of Basra examined and evaluated the vital signs of osteoporosis in smokers in the city of Basra, Iraq.
The thesis, submitted by student Fatima Amer Hassan, aimed to identify differences in bone biomarkers measured among smokers, which are classified based on the duration and intensity of smoking, as well as to determine the statistical correlation between the variables and smoking intensity, in addition to discussing the possibility of using the onset of pain sensations in healthy smokers as a reliable indicator of osteoporosis.
The thesis included a study of 200 men from the city of Basra aged between 18 and 60 years, who were classified into four groups: long-term heavy smokers, long-term light smokers, short-term current smokers, and non-smokers (control group).
A questionnaire was used to collect data and smoking history, and levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), interleukin 6 (IL-6), osteocalcin (OC), decapeptide-1 (DKK-1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) biomarkers in serum using ELISA.
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